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Retraction Note: Ribosomal frameshifting in the <i>CCR5</i> mRNA is regulated by miRNAs and the NMD pathway

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  • Retraction Note
  • Published:
  • Arturas Meskauskas1,2 na1,
  • Sharmishtha Musalgaonkar1,
  • Vivek M. Advani1,
  • Sergey O. Sulima1 nAff5,
  • Wojciech K. Kasprzak3,
  • Bruce A. Shapiro4 &
  • …
  • Jonathan D. Dinman1 

Nature (2026) Cite this article

Retraction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13429 Published online 9 July 2014

The Editors are retracting this Article because they no longer have confidence in data that support one of its key conclusions. In the study, a putative CCR5 −1 PRF sequence was cloned into the dual luciferase reporter vector, p2luci1, in which transcription is driven from an SV40 promoter and is enhanced by the presence of an artificial intron. Further investigation revealed that the CCR5-derived sequence contained a cryptic 3′ splice acceptor site, resulting in generation of artefactual splice variants. In an attempt to replicate their results, the authors conducted assays using an improved version of the dual luciferase reporter2, in which the SV40 promoter was replaced by the strong CMV promoter and the artificial intron was absent. This revealed that the CCR5-derived sequence did not promote detectable levels of programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting. These findings have been replicated by at least two other groups3, suggesting that the perceived frameshifting activity was due to a splicing artefact. These concerns undermine the main conclusion of the study.

Ashton Trey Belew, Sharmishtha Musalgaonkar, Vivek M. Advani and Sergey O. Sulima agree with this retraction. Arturas Meskauskas, Wojciech K. Kasprzak, Bruce A. Shapiro and Jonathan D. Dinman disagree with this retraction.

References

  1. Grentzmann, G., Ingram, J. A., Kelly, P. J., Gesteland, R. F. & Atkins, J. F. A dual-luciferase reporter system for studying recoding signals. RNA 4, 479–86 (1998).

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  2. Loughran, G., Howard, M. T., Firth, A. E. & Atkins, J. F. Avoidance of reporter assay distortions from fused dual reporters. RNA 23, 1285–1289 (2017).

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  3. Kahn, Y. A. et al. Evaluating ribosomal frameshifting in CCR5 mRNA decoding. Nature 604, E16–E23 (2022).

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Sergey O. Sulima

    Present address: VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium

  2. These authors contributed equally: Ashton Trey Belew, Arturas Meskauskas

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Ashton Trey Belew, Arturas Meskauskas, Sharmishtha Musalgaonkar, Vivek M. Advani, Sergey O. Sulima & Jonathan D. Dinman

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT, Lithuania

    Arturas Meskauskas

  3. Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Wojciech K. Kasprzak

  4. Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Bruce A. Shapiro

Authors

  1. Ashton Trey Belew
  2. Arturas Meskauskas
  3. Sharmishtha Musalgaonkar
  4. Vivek M. Advani
  5. Sergey O. Sulima
  6. Wojciech K. Kasprzak
  7. Bruce A. Shapiro
  8. Jonathan D. Dinman

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan D. Dinman.

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Cite this article

Belew, A.T., Meskauskas, A., Musalgaonkar, S. et al. Retraction Note: Ribosomal frameshifting in the CCR5 mRNA is regulated by miRNAs and the NMD pathway. Nature (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11149-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11149-4