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- Ami Kaneki1 na1,
- Masashi Ogawa1,
- Mariko Kametani1,
- Shuma Hamaguchi1,
- Yuto Shoji1,
- Tatsuya Akitomo1,
- Meiko Tachikake2,
- Chieko Mitsuhata1,
- Kazuhiko Nakano3 &
- …
- Ryota Nomura1
Scientific Reports (2026) Cite this article
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Abstract
Periodontal pathogens are associated with diabetes, but few studies have examined type 1 diabetes, particularly in children. This study characterized oral bacteria in children with type 1 diabetes. The participants included 34 children with type 1 diabetes (23 in mixed dentition and 11 in permanent dentition) and 34 age- and biological sex-matched healthy children. By polymerase chain reaction targeting 10 major periodontopathic bacteria using dental plaque specimens, in the mixed dentition, detection rates of six periodontopathic bacteria were significantly higher in the diabetic children than in healthy children (P < 0.05), whereas in the permanent dentition, a significant difference was observed for only one species (P < 0.01). Microbiome analysis showed that α-diversity was significantly lower in the permanent dentition of diabetic children compared with healthy children (P < 0.05). At the genus level, one genus differed significantly in the mixed dentition (P < 0.05), whereas three genera differed in the permanent dentition (P < 0.05). In summary, children with type 1 diabetes exhibit higher detection rates of periodontopathic bacterial species, primarily during the mixed dentition, and reduced microbiome diversity during the permanent dentition. These changes may contribute to oral dysbiosis and increase the risk of periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Yuko Iwamoto, Dr. Yuria Asao, Dr. Satoru Kusaka, Dr. Momoko Usuda, Dr. Taku Nishimura, Dr. Shunya Ikeda, Dr. Eimi Tabata, and Dr. Kana Kawashima for clinical diagnosis, and Ms. Asami Aoya for editing the manuscript (all from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University). We also thank the Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka (Osaka, Japan), for supporting the microbiome analysis. All authors gave final approval of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Funding
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant [24K02655].
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Ito, Y., Kaneki, A., Ogawa, M. et al. Distribution of major periodontopathic bacterial species and oral microbiome characteristics in children with type 1 diabetes across mixed and permanent dentitions. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66355-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66355-x