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Turning scientific research papers into interactive AI agents

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Scientific knowledge is mostly stored in static papers. An automated framework called Paper2Agent can now transform each paper into an active artificial intelligence agent — a virtual corresponding author that answers questions, applies the paper’s methods to new data, and collaborates with other paper agents. This makes research easier to reproduce, reuse and extend.

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This is a summary of: Miao, J. et al. Reimagining research papers as interactive and reliable AI agents. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11044-y (2026).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-02880-z

‘Expert opinion’ is published under a CC BY 4.0 licence and Figure 1 is published under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

References

  1. Anthropic. https://www.anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol (2024).

  2. Avsec, Ž. et al. Nature 649, 1206–1218 (2026).

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  3. Zhu, R. et al. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.23.696273 (2025).

  4. Ho, C.-H. et al. Nature Genet. 57, 2536–2545 (2025).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

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  • Read the paper: Reimagining research papers as interactive and reliable AI agents

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Subjects

  • Computational biology and bioinformatics
  • Machine learning

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